1) Effects of the war on the economy:
What does this report tell you about the state of British industry in 1914?
How has the war affected businesses?
How might this have affected workers?
Why is this source unreliable as evidence for explaining how the war affected British workers?
2) Munitions Cartoon:
Who is the main figure in the cartoon?
Is this a real individual or is he representing a group?
What are 'his kids'?
What is the trip they are going on?
What impression do you get of the man's attitude to the war effort?
Look at the date of the cartoon. Is this important?
3) Munitions Photos:
Why would it have been almost impossible to see scenes like these in a factory like this before the war?
What kind of work are the women doing?
What kind of work are the men doing?
Do they appear to be working together well?
Are photographs like this really useful in trying to decide how women were treated?
What does this source tell you about the extent to which working people supported the war effort?
4) Employment of Women:
What does this source tell you about the work women were doing by 1917?
What does this source tell you about attitudes to women workers in the war?
Is this source useful for examining whether women workers were patriotic?
Is this source any use for assessing whether women workers were appreciated?
5) Cost of Living:
According to the report, how did the war affect wages?
Did any workers benefit from these changes?
How did the majority of workers do?
Is there any evidence in this source to suggest that working people did or did not support the war effort?
6) Cartoon on Strikes
According to the cartoon, what strikes and boycotts took place in 1918?
Do you think these strikes and boycotts actually took place, or is the cartoonist simply making a joke about the situation in 1918?
Does this source provide convincing evidence that there were a lot of strikes in 1918?
How could an historian check this view, and check whether it was also true for 1914-17?
Do any other sources in this case study support the view that there were a lot of strikes during the war?
7) Labour Troubles:
Why was the government so concerned about a strike by the ETU?
What plans was it making in case there was a strike?
Do you get the impression the government was keen to have a confrontation or keen to avoid one?
Do you get the impression that industrial relations were generally bad at this time?
8) Using all the sources in this section what do we know about:
How workers contributed to the war effort
Relations between workers and employers and the government
How the war affected workers' wages and working and living conditions
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/britain1906to1918/g5/cs4/g5cs4.htm
DORA IN ACTION
1) DORA 1914
What new powers do the army and navy get in regulation 3?
What new powers were given to the police in Regulation 12?
What evidence is there in this source of the government trying to control information?
Does this source contain any evidence of the effectiveness of the Act?
2) DORA Poster:
Look at the letter (Source 2a). What does it suggest about government control in 1914?
Do you think the railway company could refuse to put up the poster?
Is it possible to say whether they would want to refuse?
What would you say are the most important features of the poster (sources 2b and 2c)?
3) Met Police Officer Letter:
What has happened to a number of drivers?
Why did the government introduce this restriction?
What is the question about the licenses of the drivers?
What evidence is there about the types of drivers and vehicles stopped?
What is the most important information for the historian contained in this source?
4) Bonds:
What does this poster suggest about the government's financial situation?
Is this a business deal or a patriotic appeal?
Is the government asking for or demanding money in this scheme?
5) Land Control for Food:
What was the main purpose of this letter?
What powers do local councils now have?
Do you think the government and councils preferred to work with landowners?
Look at section 22. What impression do you get of the relationship between the government and the local councils?
Do private societies have a role to play?
What does this section tell you about the state of Britain's food supply?
Do you get the impression the government is forcing people to support the war or working with them?
6) Coal Prices:
What does this source tell historians about government control of the economy during the war?
Do you think big business liked to be controlled in this way?
What are the advantages for businesses of government control?
What are the disadvantages?
7) Shop Closures:
How has early closing affected people's shopping habits?
Why are the poor more affected than the better off?
What is the general feeling of shopkeepers towards the Act?
Do you feel that this source is a good source for judging the feelings of the shopkeepers?
8) Using all the sources in this section what do we know about:
The powers which the Defence of the Realm Act gave to the government
How DORA was enforced
How DORA affected people's everyday lives
How people reacted to the restrictions which DORA placed on their lives.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/britain1906to1918/g5/cs1/g5cs1.htm
THE PRESS AND THE PEOPLE
1) Daily Mirror and Miners' Strike
Who is the man on the left representing?
The man on the right is meant to be a trade union leader. What does he want the man on the left to do?
How can you tell that the cartoon is attacking people like him?
Is it possible to say whether this cartoon is anti-trade union or simply trying to boost the war effort?
Is this source government propaganda?
2) Advertisements
What is the main aim of each advertisement?
How do the advertisers each link their products to the war?
Was this just a way to sell products or do you think it was genuine patriotism?
Historians point out that a lot of the propaganda produced in the Great War was not produced by the government or the press but was 'self propaganda' produced by individuals or businesses. Are sources 2a-c examples of 'self propaganda'?
Is it possible to check how far this kind of propaganda influenced people?
3) TUC Resolution
What have the TUC agreed to do?
Do you get the impression that they have agreed willingly?
Does this suggest that government propaganda in this case was effective?
This poster was issued by the government. Does that make it unreliable?
4) Riot
What happened in Cardiff?
How can you tell the newspaper was hostile towards the pacifists?
Does this suggest that the account of the Cardiff people's attitude is reliable?
Does this article suggest that the majority of people in Cardiff supported the war effort?
The government devoted a lot of effort to getting people to support the war effort and to criticise pacifists (who opposed the war). Is this source convincing evidence that government propaganda was effective in achieving its aims?
5) Munitions Production
According to the article, how was Britain's munitions industry performing?
The report used official government figures. Does this make it reliable?
What do you think was the main aim of this report?
These figures could possibly have been useful to the Germans. Why did the censor not stop this report?
This report was not produced by the government. Does that mean it is not propaganda?
Would you say that this was an effective publication?
6) Advertisement for Exhibition of government war paintings:
What does this image show?
What does the caption of the picture tell you about this source?
What techniques has the artist used to show the woman as a heroine?
This picture is a reproduction of a picture commissioned from an artist by the government. Is it a piece of propaganda?
7) The House of Windsor
How has the artist portrayed the king?
What can be seen behind the king and do you think this is important?
The herald (the small figure) is proclaiming the fact that the royal family has announced that its family name is to be Windsor. Why did they do this?
Is it possible to say whether this cartoon is anti-trade union or simply trying to boost the war effort?
Does this cartoon provide evidence that anti-German propaganda was effective?
8) Paper produced by soldiers in the trenches
How can you tell this article is not serious?
How does the style of writing in this article compare with the style of writing in other articles in this gallery?
What does this article suggest about the attitude of soldiers towards propaganda in the newspapers?
Does this help historians examining the views of civilians on propaganda?
9) Article on Censorship
What is the attitude of the report towards the Prime Minister and DORA?
What specific things is the Prime Minister accused of?
What is the main concern of the writer about the way DORA was being used?
Does this source suggest that government control of the press was not working?
10) Using all the sources in this section:
Press propaganda, e.g. – types, techniques and evidence that it got through to the people
Personal propaganda, e.g. – effectiveness and people commitment to the war effort
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/britain1906to1918/g6/cs2/g6cs2.htm
1) Press Censorship
What was the government's main aim with censorship?
What problems with censorship were revealed in section 1?
What problems did the government have in controlling newspapers?
Why was it difficult to punish proprietors of newspapers?
2) Prospone Your Holidays
What is the appeal being made in source 4a?
Would you say that this is a form of propaganda?
Look at source 4b. How is it different from source 4a?
In what ways is it similar? Is source 4b a piece of propaganda?
3) Globe Closing
According to this extract, what happened to the Globe newspaper?
What does this source tell you about the power the government had over newspapers?
What clues are there about why The Globe was suppressed?
Is this a useful source for investigating how censorship operated?
4) U-Boat
What was the main purpose of this pamphlet?
How did the pamphlet describe the U-Boats?
Did Britain use submarines in the war?
What do you think of the author 'A Woman Writer'?
Is this a practical government document or a piece of propaganda?
5) Postal Censorship
What exactly is being shown in this report?
What were the censors looking for and what methods did they use to find it?
Why do you think the government approved of the newspaper showing this form of censorship?
Does the report suggest that the censorship was thorough?
Do you get the impression that the newspaper approved of the censorship?
Is this article a piece of propaganda?
7) Information about Government paintings:
Why was the British government commissioning paintings?
Does it suggest British propaganda is well organised?
Does it suggest that British propaganda is reaching a wide audience?
8) Using all the sources in this section:
Censorship and control, - e.g. aims, examples and methods of control
Government propaganda, - e.g. examples, techniques and effectiveness
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/britain1906to1918/g6/cs1/g6cs1.htm
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